Utility
A category of applications. They are designed to monitor or
manage hardware resources, and software applications. As
such, operating systems are utilities; so are onscreen
Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), and applications for
testing the hardware, recovering deleted or damage files,
locating specific files or text within files, file
data-data-format converters.
µlaw, Mu-law, µ-law
TalkRadio or International Telephony sound file format which is memoryless and designed for speech. The µ-law format can be recorded at any sample rate from 4kHz up to 22.3kHz (the mac hardware rate, on the older MacOS systems). In CCITT G711 it is defined as: 8Khz at 8 bit mono making 64kbits/s. Use this rate when exporting a µ-law sound to a Sun Sparc stations or Next systems.
Ultimotion
Video compression/decompression (codec) format for OS/2-based systems. It supports a playback of 30 frames per second in a 320 (h) by 240 (v) pixel window.
.UU
UUcode (uuencoded), a Unix compression/decompression (codec) algorithm. It is used in transmitting binary files via ASCII transport mechanisms. UUCode only recognizes a Mac-OS file's resource-data, but not its resource-fork. (This is not a problem for sound or image files.) Use StuffIt Expander or Jeff Strobel's UULite to decode files for MacOS compatibility.
.V
SCS Netlister's Verilog design and/or pre-layout simulation file (It can be used by Silos III and Synplify-Lite.)
.VDA, VST
A version of TrueVision/Targa's graphics compression/decompression scheme, which supports pixel depths of 8-, 16-, 24&endash;, and 32-bits. It may also be used to exchange hi-res graphics among several packages using these filename extensions: .TGA and .ICB.
Vector Graphic images
The onscreen locations of the end points of lines which together define images.
.VH
Synplify-Lite's or SCS Netlister's Veriolg File Header Information file (It can be used by SpDE's Back Annotation utility.)
.VHD
SCS Netlister's VHDL pre-layout netlist file. It can be used by Synplify-Lite for its VHDL simulator.
.VHH
SpDE's VHDL back-anniotated header file (created by its Back Annotation feature). It can be used by QuickLogic's ViewLogic Interface.
.VHQ
SpDE's VITAL-VHDL post-layout netlist file (created by its Back Annotation feature) for use with a 3rd party VHDL simulator.
Video
Video compression/decompression (codec) for MacOS-based systems is based on a VQ (vector quantization) algorithm. It supports a playback up to 15 frames per second in a 160 (h) by 120 (v) pixel window.
Video1
Microsoft's video compression/decompression (codec) for its Video For Windows standard. It is based on an older MediaVision MotiVE format which uses a VQ (vector quantization) algorithm.
VideoBox
Fractal-based video compression/decompression (codec) format developed by Iterated Systems.
VFW
Video For Windows. Microsoft's software-playback standard developed to let applications talk to multiple audio and video data compression schemes. Filename extension is: . AVI.
VideoCube
ImMIX/Aware's hardware-based video compression/decompression (codec) based on a "wavelet" mathematical technique which transforms an image into a set of different spacial representations, one containing all the low-frequency information, the rest containing the high-frequency information. Wavelet images "artifacts" are not highly defined, they look soft. VideoCube supports a playback up to 60 frames per second in a 640 (h) by 480 (v) pixel window.
Video Decoding
The process of converting the interlaced TV images, comprised of one or two signals (composite or S-video) into a non-interlaced RGB video, consisting of four or five signals.
Video Encoding
The process of combining the four or five non-interlaced video signals (RGB and synchronization signals) from a computer and converting them into an interlaced NTSC composit or S-video signal. Convolution is the filtering process prior to the encoding which converts video timing to reduce flicker. Computer images are matched to the scan and refresh rates of the TV. (Slowed down from 24,000 times per second left-to-right and up to 80 times per second top-to-bottom slowed down to 15,750 and 60.)
VIM
Vendor Independent Messaging.
.VL
SpDE's intermediate back annotation file. which is used by its Viewsim Simulator for QuickLogic's Viewlogic Interface.
.VQ
SpDE's Structural Verilog Simulation Netlist pre-layout (created by its Import VHDL) and/or post-layout (created by its Back Annotation) file. (It can be used by Silos III and other Verilog simulators.)
VRML
Virtual Reality Modeling Language is an extensible and open 3-D language developed for the Internet; as well as, CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs. Among VRML 2.0's many features are: standardization of currently common VRML 1.0 extensions, movies and interaction with applets, Java and JavaScript. It provides ambient and directional sound effects, and multilingual text. VRML 2.0 has greater control over backgrounds and 3-D terrains such as hills and gullies than VRML 1, and it includes fog and diminishing focus atmospheric effects for virtual distance. It also has: "behaviors" to control various levels of interactivity. "Sensors" to detect mouse movements and relativity to other objects including collision detection and letting an object determine if another object can pass through it or bounce off. "Clock" to provide time awareness. "Interpolars" to provide key-frame animations. One of the universal compression formaters for VRML files is GNU's GZIP. When it compresses a VRML file, the file's filename extension is doubled, i.e.: .WRLGZ.
.VOC
Audio file format. Player utility: WPLANY (Windows).
References are samples only. Each one is presented in greater detail in the Technical Research Assistant 2000
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